The Study of Regulations Governing Shipping Bill of Lading in Iran Laws and International Trade Documents

The present study deals with review of regulations governing shipping bill of lading in Iran laws and international trade documents through descriptive analysis. In this paper, it is tried to study the concepts of maritime transport contract, legal concept of vessel, shipping bill of lading and its components, the content of shipping bill of lading and its proofing aspects in international conventions and Iran law. The research findings indicate that shipping bill of lading is considered one of the valid documents in international trade and in accordance with the common trade, judicial procedures and the maritime code of Iran and Hamburg convention is considered as a common trade document. In Rotterdam convention, the capability of transferring written and electronic transport record and their transferring procedure as used in trade documents has been mentioned. The value and credit of shipping bill of ladings of goods embarked on deck or clean bill of lading in international trade made such bill of ladings be supported by trade code in international trade and conventions and local regulations of countries such that the transportation agents are prohibited from the right to prove negative of some contents of this document against the holder in good faith of shipping bill of lading.