Reasons Why Vegetable Cultivation Increases or Does not Increase Vegetable Intake among Adult Vegetable Growers Living in a City in Gunma Prefecture, Japan: a Qualitative Study

We examined the reasons why vegetable cultivation increases or does not increase vegetable intake among adult Japanese vegetable growers. A qualitative cross-sectional study using a self-completed anonymous questionnaire was sent to participants (aged 20-74 years residing in three areas of a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan) in September 2016. The questionnaire addressed perceptions of whether vegetable cultivation would increase vegetable intake, with four possible answers: strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. Respondents were then asked reasons for their view, with free-text responses. We also asked about participants' characteristics and whether they found that growing vegetables had changed their vegetable intake and access to vegetables. We categorized the free-text answers by content. We analyzed 442 answers, and reasons for vegetable growing increasing vegetable intake were grouped into five categories: "availability," "purpose of cultivation," "quality," "increased positive emotions toward vegetables," and "unconsciousness"; for it not increasing intake were also grouped into five categories: "limited quantities," "negative emotions toward vegetables," "cultivation for a purpose other than eating vegetables," "access to vegetables from other sources," and "limits associated with self-cultivation."