Role of distal motor latency (M), F-wave latency (F), and M/F ratio in type-II diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and early diagnosis is crucial to prevent its progression. Aims and Objective: This study aimed to assess the distal motor latency (DML), F-wave latency, and M/F ratio in type-II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with comparison group conducted in the department of neurology in collaboration with the department of physiology in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 120 diagnosed patients were enrolled in this study. A thorough clinical evaluation, including neurological examinations, assessment of neuropathic symptoms, and relevant biochemical tests, were done in all participants. Nerve conduction studies were performed to measure DML and F-wave latency, whereas the M/F ratio was calculated for each participant. Results: Based on the findings, 66 patients had no signs or symptoms of neuropathy and were considered the control group whereas 54 patients having signs and symptoms of neuropathy were considered cases. The results were compared in both the groups (diabetic patients without neuropathy as control and diabetic patients with neuropathy as cases). The results of this study showed significantly prolonged DML and F-wave latency in diabetic patients with neuropathy (cases) as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the M/F ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients with neuropathy compared to controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These non-invasive nerve conduction parameters can aid in the early detection of neuropathic changes in diabetic patients, allowing for timely intervention and improved management of the condition.