Evaluation of Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension: A One-Year Observational Study

Background: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. The elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes and high blood pressure in hypertension can both contribute to the development and progression of glaucoma. Effective management of both diabetes and hypertension can also help to reduce the risk of developing glaucoma. The aim of this study is to assess the evaluation of glaucoma in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Material Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the admitted and outpatient department (OPD) patients in the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College and Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2021 to December 2022. Total 160 patients with glaucoma were included in this study. Results: In our study, mean (±SD) age of the study subject were 50.5±9.25 years. Majority of the patients had (27.5%) followed by 22 (13.8%) had diabetes and 14 (8.8%) had both. For the group with DM and HTN, the mean IOP was 16.25 with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 13.25 to 18.43, mean HVFA was -9.12 with a 95% CI of -16.78 to -1.31 and mean CDR was 0.69 with a 95% CI of 0.55 to 0.82. For the group without DM and HTN, the mean IOP was 15.62 with a 95% CI of 14.83 to 16.35, mean HVFA was -5.01 with a 95% CI of -5.86 to -3.75 and mean CDR for this group was 0.60 with a 95% CI of 0.53 to 0.68. In the patients with DM and HTN group, there are 13 patients (13.8%) with moderate/severe VFD and 1 patient (1.1%) with mild VFD. In the patients without DM and HTN group, there are 26 patients (26.7%) with moderate/severe VFD and 54 patients (57.4%) with mild VFD. There were statistically significant differences (p