Recent advances in xylitol production in biorefineries from lignocellulosic biomass: a review study

The progression of sustainable practices in biorefineries is pivotal in mitigating carbon emissions and optimizing the utilization of natural resources, thereby preserving the environment. Biorefineries, which convert lignocellulosic biomass into a variety of products, distinguish themselves by efficiently transforming waste into high-value products. Xylitol stands out among biorefinery products. Derived from the conversion of xylose present in lignocellulose, it not only offers health benefits but is also considered an intermediate molecule in the production of valuable chemical products. Microbiological methods for xylitol production are increasingly acknowledged as efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives. These are some of the main factors discussed in this review, which aims to demonstrate the biotechnological route for producing xylitol through lignocellulosic materials. Several studies were observed to characterize various lignocellulosic residues, and it was noted that Eucalyptus globulusand banana leaves exhibit high levels of xylose. By analyzing the most recent researches related to xylitol production, the possibility of co-production of bioethanol using the same biotechnological route of xylitol production was identified. For instance, studies have shown that a combination of bagasse and sugarcane straw, as well as rice straw residue, are capable of producing substantial levels of xylitol and ethanol. The yields reached 30.61 g/L of xylitol and 47.97 g/L of ethanol, and 34.21 g/L of xylitol and 2.12 g/L of ethanol, respectively. These innovations not only promote sustainability but also have the potential to generate positive impacts on the global economy.