Cytotoxic Evaluation of Antioxidant and Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Enriched Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Chaunsa) Mesocarp Extract on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells

Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Chaunsa Sumer bahist) fruit is renowned for its flavor and aroma. Besides, it had been found to have large antioxidant content as well as anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties. However, experiments to test both the antioxidant content and health benefits are still needed. Here, in the ripe mango mesocarp, we have measured the expression of 11 genes playing a role in flavor and aroma development. An up-regulation in expression of fructose-bisphosphate_aldolase (MiFBA6), glutamate decarboxylase (MiGAD), catalase (MiCAT1), glutathione-S-transferase (MiGSTF6) and nucleoredoxin (MiNRX1) genes was recorded. MiGAD gene expression indicated the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolite in mesocarp tissue of Chaunsa mango. Metabolite profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of five antioxidant compounds with known anticancer activities were characterized in mango mesocarp. It was found metabolites belong to various chemical groups such as: monoterpene alcohols, aroma volatiles, glycoside, monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, essential oils, amino acids, ketone bodies, phytohormones and fatty acids. Seven antioxidant metabolites with known anticancer activities were characterized in mango mesocarp including: 3-hydroxybutyric acid, linalool, geraniol, erythritol, L-(+)-tartaric acid, myo-inositol and lactitol. A total of eight distinct aroma generating siloxanes were characterized in this cultivar. Positive antioxidant activity was also observed in the ethanolic extract of Chaunsa fruit pulp. Chemotherapeutic potential of phenolic compounds found in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract on human breast cancer cell line AU565 was also investigated. The EtOAc extracts effectively suppressed adenocarcinoma growth indicating the anticancer potential of Chaunsa mango fruit.