THE ROLE AND EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND R&D ON THE SALES OF NEW PRODUCT: A STUDY ON THE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF KEIHANSHIN REGION IN JAPAN

In this study, the updated version of the survey designed to examine the Finnish national innovation system has been applied to analyze the manufacturing industry in Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe and Sakai in the Keihanshin region. The innovation performance of Japan in 2018 has been evaluated by using the data obtained from the survey. The study has examined the influence of innovation factors on company performance and searched the amount allocated to R&D expenditures and the effects of university graduates on the new product through modeling technique and directly referring to innovation (the percentage of the new product in sales). The data obtained as a result of the survey in the study; the factors affecting innovation performance were tabulated and interpreted on behalf of the region. The findings have indicated that big companies are more innovation-oriented. It has also been concluded that the most significant factors ensuring innovation within the companies are R&D and the experience of the companies. Moreover, it has been noticed that companies view know-how as a key in gaining an advantage in competition. After examining the innovation performance, Least Squares (Least Squares) regression analysis was used under the assumption of normality since the share of the new product in sales, which is used as an innovation production function output, is a continuous variable for the model established. Econometric findings show that human capital and R&D expenditures positively affect the share of new products in sales. The results of the econometric analysis show that the findings of the model are reliable. Bu makalede, Finlandiya ulusal yenilik sisteminin tespitine yönelik düzenlenen anket formunu temel alınıp güncellenerek Keihanshin bölgesindeki Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe ve Sakai şehirlerinde imalat sektörü üzerine uygulanmıştır. Anketten elde edilen veriler kullanılarak, Japonya’da, 2018 yılı inovasyon performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma hem şirketlerin inovasyon faktörlerinin şirket performansına etkisini incelemekte hem de inovasyona doğrudan atıf yaparak (yeni ürünün satışlar içindeki yüzdesi) Ar-Ge harcamalarına ayrılan pay ile üniversite mezunlarının yeni ürün üzerindeki etkisini modelleyerek araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada inovasyon performansını etkileyen etmenler grafikleştirilmiş ve bölge adına yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulguların büyük şirketlerin daha yenilikçi olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Şirketler için yeniliğin gerçekleşmesini sağlayan en önemli faktör