Electoral Systems and the Representation of Ethnic Minorities: Evidence from Russia

Does proportional representation produce greater minority representation than single member districts? This question can be studied through the ethnic background of legislators elected in the two tiers of the mixed electoral system in Russia. In general, there is no significant difference in the level of minority representation in proportional representation and single member district contests. However, electoral systems have different effects for different ethnic groups. Proportional representation does not provide increased minority representation in party systems devoid of ethnic parties. Moreover, the relationship between minority representation and electoral system is conditioned by the minorities' demographic and cultural characteristics.