Perception of Hepatitis B Infection: A National Survey on Knowledge, Practice, and Beliefs (KPB) of HBV in Nigeria

Hepatitis B continues to be a significant public health issue, contributing to substantial global morbidity and mortality. This study employed an electronic-based cross-sectional survey to assess the knowledge, practices, and beliefs regarding hepatitis B among a sample of 3,589 participants from Nigeria. Data were collected between June and September 2023 using Google Forms, with participants recruited via social media. The questionnaire, designed based on similar studies and validated by experts, consisted of six sections addressing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of hepatitis B, related practices, and beliefs about the infection and those infected. The study population consisted of 2,945 males (67.0%) and 1,184 females (33.0%), with most participants (83.5%) aged between 21 and 30 years. A majority held bachelor’s degrees (70.1%), and 46.4% were pursuing health-related educational majors. The geographical distribution included participants from 12 Nigerian states and the Federal Capital Territory, with Benue State having the highest representation (58.8%). The survey showed a moderately high awareness of hepatitis B (93.8% had heard of it), but only 66.0% knew it was caused by a virus, and 28.9% were aware that hepatitis B is curable. A considerable gap in vaccination coverage was identified, with 51.5% reporting being vaccinated and 48.5% unaware of the correct dosage for full vaccination. Participants displayed moderate knowledge of transmission routes, with 70.1% recognizing blood and blood products as a transmission medium, but only 44.4% aware that contaminated blades or needles also posed risks. Point-biserial correlation analysis revealed that factors such as travel history, educational background, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Practices regarding hepatitis B screening and vaccination were varied, with 63.9% of participants having been screened for the infection, and 96.9% willing to seek treatment if diagnosed. However, 17.5% did not know where to get screened, and 21.7% reported not knowing where to get vaccinated. The survey also highlighted misconceptions about hepatitis B, with 17.5% of participants believing in spiritual protection against the virus. This study emphasizes the need for targeted public health interventions in Nigeria to improve hepatitis B awareness, screening, and vaccination, particularly among populations with lower educational att