The Prospects of Stem Cell Therapy in Neurogenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a group of neurological ailments characterised by the progressive demise of neurons and glial cells within the brain and spinal cord. Neurodegenerative disorders frequently result in the targeted degeneration of specific neuronal cells within a localised region of the brain. Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are examples of neurodegenerative diseases. The absence of efficacious interventions for neurodegenerative illnesses exerts a substantial economic burden and imposes a considerable burden on society. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the potential of stem cells in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The fundamental trait of stem cells is self-renewal. Evidence has shown that the microenvironment plays a vital role in the stem cell system, and stem cells are unable to live without it. Moreover, it is postulated that the attributes of stem cells are not limited to a singular cell type within the population, but can, in certain instances, be imposed on cells other than those that generally assume the role of stem cells due to the appropriate micro environment. The ability of stem cells to differentiate into specific cell lineages. The distinguishing characteristics of stem cells, in comparison to other cell types, are their perpetual self-renewal and their ability to differentiate into a specific adult cell type. Given their ability to generate many types of tissues within the human body, stem cells exhibit significant potential for utilisation in the future of tissue regeneration and repair therapies. Stem cell-based therapies have garnered significant interest as potential treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, the transplantation of stem cells or their derivatives in animal models of neurodegenerative illnesses has the potential to facilitate the replacement of damaged neurons and glial cells, as well as induce remyelination, trophic effects, and inflammation. Endogenous neural stem cells possess the potential to serve as therapeutic targets due to their ability to respond to injury through the production of neurons and glial cells, as well as their susceptibility to the degenerative process. This study provides an overview of the latest advancements in the domain of stem cell treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.