FROM FRAGRANCE TO FORTUNE: UNVEILING THE BOTANICAL, SOCIOECONOMIC, AND GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ROSA DAMASCENA

Rosa damascena, celebrated for its aromatic essence and enchanting beauty, holds a prominent position in global botanical and socio-economic landscapes. This extensive review aims to delve into the multifaceted characteristics of Rosa damascena, covering its taxonomy, unique botanical features, genetic intricacies, and the socio-economic dynamics associated with its cultivation across key regions such as Turkey, Bulgaria, Iran, India, and Saudi Arabia. Exploring its taxonomy reveals insights into its evolutionary lineage and botanical relationships, alongside an examination of its distinctive attributes, including thorny stems, fragrant flowers, and vibrant petals. Additionally, the review uncovers genetic mysteries surrounding Rosa damascena, investigating the complex genetic interplay governing traits like fragrance production, flower color variation, and disease resistance. Furthermore, it sheds light on the socio-economic aspects of Rosa damascena cultivation, emphasizing its cultural significance and economic contributions in regions of extensive growth. Through case studies, it highlights the intricate balance between tradition, innovation, and economic development in rose cultivation. Moreover, the review delves into agronomic practices crucial for optimizing Rosa damascena yields, encompassing soil and climate requirements, propagation techniques, and water management strategies. By offering detailed guidance, it aims to empower growers to enhance both the quality and quantity of their Rosa damascena harvests, ensuring the sustained prosperity of this fragrant economic treasure. Ultimately, Rosa damascena emerges not only as a botanical marvel but also as a symbol of cultural heritage, economic prosperity, and human ingenuity. This review explores the botanical, genetic, and socio-economic dimensions of Rosa damascena, focusing on its taxonomy, cultivation practices, and cultural impact in regions like Turkey, Bulgaria, Iran, India, Saudi Arabia, and Morocco.