The uptake efficiency of phosphate ions using Jordanian calcinated bentonite

The investigation of the adsorption potential of the Jordanian calcinated bentonite to remove phosphate ions from aqueous solutions whether they are synthetic or actual samples was studied in this article, The temperatures for calcination ranged from (100°C–900°C). The effectiveness of calcining bentonite’s ability to remove phosphate ions was investigated under various conditions, including initial concentration of phosphate ions, calcinations, temperature, particle size, pH levels, adsorbent dose, and contact time. Using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order rates and intraparticle diffusion models the kinetic studies were carried out. The R2 values indicated that pseudo-second- order rather than pseudo-first-order provided a better fit for the phosphate transport. The activation energy for the removal for both synthetic and actual materials was computed, and it was found to be 8.93 and 12.120 kJ/mol, respectively, this shows that physisorption may have happened. The rate of phosphate ion uptake was also investigated using intraparticle diffusion model at different variables (temperature, particle size, agitation, and pH values), and both particle diffusion (Dp) and film diffusion (Df) coefficients were predicted, with the results indicating that film diffusion (Df) is the rate determining step.