Design of magnetic flux and its effect of pH groundwater

Water scarcity is a worldwide problem, where more than 40% of the world’s population is suffering from water shortages and a severe deterioration of water quality. Magnetic water treatments may improve water quality to reduce the water crisis. In the current study, 20 magnetic bars were arranged and positioned adjacent to different sized-glass and galvanized iron cuboids and rectangular cuboids. This positioning was reliable to quantify the relation between magnetic forces and water properties, such as pH. Results generally showed that the averaged magnetic fluxes (ϕB) inside the galvanized iron cuboid and rectangular cuboid had values lower than the glass ones. Magnetic treated water (MTW) had higher pH than non-magnetic treated water. The averaged pH of MTW of exposure time (24 and 12 h) were 8.18 and 8.11, while non-magnetic treated water had a lowered average (7.72). One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test of pH analytical values indicated that the significant effect of the magnetic forces (105.98 μW) on groundwater pH. In addition, the validation of ANOVA was tested by calculation of the partial Eta2 (η2). Eta2 (η2) had the value of 0.46 to refer that the groups (treatments) explain 46.6% of the variance from the average. Tukey’s honestly significant difference referred to the significant (at 90% and 99%), differences between the means of the pairwise treatments; T1:T2, T1:T3, where; T1 (non-magnetic treated groundwater or blank), T2 (magnetic-treated groundwater with an exposure time of 12 h), and T3 (magnetic-treated groundwater with an exposure time of 24 h). Contrary, the difference between the means of the pairwise T2 and T3 was non-significant.