Kinetic modeling of sonocatalytic degradation of an azo dye using synthesized zinc-iron nanolayered double hydroxide

The removal of bordeaux red B as an azo dye in the presence of zinc-iron nanolayered double hydroxide was investigated under ultrasonic irradiation to propose a proper kinetic model. A facile co-precipitation method was used for preparing the zinc-iron nanolayered double hydroxide and the as-synthesized nanolayered double hydroxide was characterized using UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The effect of the sonocatalyst concentration and initial bordeaux red B concentration were studied in order to discover the kinetic characteristics of the sonocatalytic degradation of bordeaux red B. Considering the intrinsic elementary reactions of sonocatalytic degradation of bordeaux red B, a novel kinetic model was developed and validated. The proposed kinetic model revealed the dependence of the apparent first-order rate constant on the main operational parameters. The obtained results revealed that the developed model was in a good agreement with experimental data with a good correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.975).