Assessing Radon Exhalation Rates from Building Tiles: Implications for Sustainability and Indoor Air Quality

This study evaluates the radon-222 (²²²Rn) exhalation rates from building tiles commonly used in Duhok, Iraq. Eighteen samples of tiles used for flooring and walls were collected and analyzed using the Airthings radon detector to measure the 222Rn levels. Surface exhalation (EA) and mass exhalation (EM) rates were calculated based on the measured radon concentrations. The results showed that ²²²Rn levels in the tile samples ranged from 2.96 to 46.99 Bq/m³, which is below the limit of 100 Bq/m³ recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for indoor air environments. Indian Pink Granite exhibited the highest radon emission rates among the tested materials, with an EA of 97.9 mBq/m²h and an EM of 9.79 mBq/kgh. These findings highlight the importance of considering both average radon concentrations and emission rates when selecting building materials. Although the immediate radon levels of these tiles are within safe limits, materials such as Indian Pink Granite, which have high emission rates, could potentially increase indoor radon levels over time. This underscores the need for comprehensive evaluations to ensure long-term safety. Identifying materials with high emission rates enables informed decision-making, supporting the sustainable selection of building materials. This approach helps mitigate indoor radon accumulation, improves air quality, and protects public health.