Acute Unilateral Hypopyon Uveitis in A Child with Post-BMT local Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Case Report

Relapse into the anterior ocular segment post bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a child is rare. We report this uncommon presentation as hypopyon uveitis in a patient in remission with complete chimerism after chemotherapy for ALL. The patient presented with red eye and slit lamp examination revealed hypopyon uveitis. The diagnosis of relapsed ALL was established by anterior segment aspiration followed by documentation of relapse with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry of the fluid sample. Thus, a high index of clinical suspicion in uveitis cases post BMT, led to the early diagnosis of ocular relapse that prevented vision loss in the patient. Atypical unilateral hypopyon can therefore be an indication of relapsing ALL. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, ALL, Ocular Relapse, Hypopyon Uveitis