Marife Gelen Müsnedün İleyh ve Müsnedin Semantik Boyutu (Ebû Ya‘kûb es-Sekkâkî’nin Miftâhu’l-ʿulûm Adlı Eseri Bağlamında)

Sentence formation in Arabic is explained by the phenomenon of isnad. Isnad is an invisible link that connects the main elements of the sentence. Musnad ilayh and musnad, which are the parties to the isnad, are two minimum basic elements of a sentence. The first is the one about whom the judgment is made, and the second is the judgment itself. The basic elements of a sentence, mubtadā or fāil, correspond to musnad ilayh, khaber or fiil correspond to musnad. The fact that these elements appear as marifa in the sentence -and not nakra- changes the meaning of the sentence. Abū Ya‘kūb al-Sakkākī (d. 626/1229) states that the musnadun ilayh, which comes as marifa in various forms, adds emphatic meanings such as takhsīs, cins, ta’ñīd, and ahd and affects the semantic interpretation of the sentence. In Sekkākī, while the syntactic structure explains the contextual situation, the context can also determine the syntactic structure. Therefore, the interaction of syntactic structure and context situation together determines the meaning of the sentence; but contextual situation is more effective in determining meaning.