Relación entre actividad física, alimentación y familia en edad escolar (Relationship between physical activity, nutrition, and family in school-aged youth)

El presente estudio persigue como principal objetivo concretar las actividades de tiempo libre practicadas en una muestra de escolares, así como los hábitos de alimentación y la relación entre éstos y el tiempo en familia. La muestra la componen 392 escolares de 11 a 17 años de un municipio onubense. Se ha administrado el cuestionario Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC-2010), en su versión española. Para este trabajo, se utilizaron las variables alimentación, actividad física y tiempo libre y familia. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables, el estadístico T de Student para comparar grupos (chicos y chicas), y se utilizó una ANOVA para comparar dichas variables por curso. Para analizar las asociaciones entre la actividad física (AF), el tiempo libre y el ocio familiar se utilizó el coeficiente de la correlación de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron que el 27% practica actividad física a diario, las chicas practican menos que los chicos y los estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), practican menos que los de Primaria. Aunque conforme aumenta la edad realizan más actividades junto a la familia, destacando el deporte. Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and define leisure activities and eating habits within a sample of students, as well as to evaluate the relationship between these variables and the time spent interacting with their family. The sample consisted of 392 students aged 11 to 17 years in a town in the province of Huelva, Spain. The questionnaire applied was the Spanish version of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC-2010). For this work, we have used the variables health, nutrition, physical activity and leisure, and family. We performed a descriptive analysis of the variables, a Student t statistic to compare groups (boys and girls), and ANOVA was used for comparing these variables by course. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used in order to analyze associations between physical activity, spare time, and family leisure. The results show that 27% of the students in the sample usually practice physical activity on a daily basis; girls were less likely to practice than the boys; finally, teenagers at higher levels of compulsory education are less prone to do sport than primary school students. As their age increases, they tend to do more activities with the family, particularly sport.