Epidemiological profile of congenital anomalies detected during antenatal ultrasound in three imaging centers in the city of Ouagadougou

Objectives: To study congenital anomalies discovered during antenatal care in three medical imaging centers in the city of Ouagadougou. Specifically, the aim was to determine the prevalence of antenatal malformations on ultrasound, to identify the different types of malformations detected and to determine the average gestational age (GA) of discovery of CAMs in our context. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the imaging departments of the following three health facilities: the University Hospital of Bogodogo (CHUB), the Nina Polyclinic, and the Yati Medical Clinic. The study was carried out from January 1, 2016, to October 31, 2019. It included all women who had a fetal malformation during obstetrical ultrasound performed during the study period. Results: Fetal malformations represented 1.10% of all obstetric ultrasounds performed in the three medical imaging centers in the city of Ouagadougou. The mean GA of discovery of CAMs was 27 weeks 2 days. The most common malformations were (in decreasing order) the central nervous system (67.10%), the urogenital system (18.62%), the abdomen (14.72%), the digestive system (13.85%), the skeleton (13.42%), the cardiovascular system (8.23%), and the respiratory system (5.19%). An abnormality of the amniotic fluid was associated with 35.50% of the malformations detected. Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital anomaly in our study is similar to that of other studies and obstetric ultrasound plays a key role in its early antenatal diagnosis".