Temporomandibular joint disorders’ diagnosis

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a range of musculoskeletal conditions characterized by pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. The symptoms may include limited or asymmetrical jaw movement, joint noises, and various painful and nonpainful conditions such as headaches, tinnitus, depression, and sleep disturbances. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD offer a systematic approach to examine the masticatory structures, as well as assess psychosocial and comorbid factors in patients. Through physical examination, more accurate diagnoses can be made, including myalgia, arthralgia, disc displacement disorders, degenerative joint disease, subluxation, and headaches associated with TMD. Timely diagnosis and management, facilitated by care pathways, can significantly benefit TMD patients, leading to improved prognosis, enhanced quality of life, and reduced healthcare expenses.