Enhancing Household Food Security and Dietary Diversity through Homegardens: A Case Study in Selected Districts of Sri Lanka

Homegardens are resourceful ecosystems that provide essential services to the environment and mankind. Their contribution to secure household food requirement is among the provisional services of contemporary relevance. A study was conducted in 429 homegardens in Jaffna, Matale, Ratnapura, and Hambantota districts to assess the scope of utilizing homegarden resources on household food security. A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather information on the consumption frequency and the number of food categories that were purchased, produced, and shared. The mean food consumption score (FCS) was 60±23, where 89% of the study population had an acceptable level of FCS (FCS>35). As per the dietary diversity score (HDDS), an average household consumed at least eight food categories per day. Coconut was the most common food commodity produced in homegardens, followed by jackfruit and other fruits (mango, guava, soursop and pomegranate). Households rely on the market-available foods as their primary food source. The study revealed that utilizing at least one food category as a homestead-resource produced, could improve FCS and assist to fulfil the household food demand significantly. However, the majority of the homestead-resources were identified as plant-based, except in Jaffna where the presence of livestock and poultry in homegarden was common. Many of the plant-based resources were from perennial fruit-bearing trees. Therefore, modifying and utilizing the tree composition and viable crops can be considered a timely option to avert household food insecurity. Further, incorporating livestock components (dairy, poultry) as a part of homegardens is beneficial in fulfilling the animal protein demand of the household.