Neither early Bronze Age Cities nor States in the south of the Levant: another perspective

Unlike the complex urban cultures and civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia, where writing developed during the second half of the 4th millennium bc, Jordan did not use writing until over a thousand years later. In addition, it has been proposed that the south Levantine Early Bronze Age polities, which have been identified as city-states, were neither cities nor states. This study aims at presenting another perspective of this problem based on archaeological fieldworks conducted in the north of Jordan.