Parasitism of the Spring Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Complex in Organically Managed Apple Orchards in The North Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

The spring leafroller complex in organically managed apple orchards in the north of the Okanagan valley in British Columbia is predominantly composed of Archips rosanus (Linnaeus) and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), unlike the predominantly C. rosaceana and Pandemis limitata (Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) complex in the south of the valley. Twenty-three parasitoid species, including three possible hyperparasitoids, were reared from leafrollers in the northern organic orchards from April through June in 2001 and 2002, of which 15 of the parasitoid species represent new parasitoid records for the leafroller complex in the Okanagan valley. The most commonly reared parasitoid in the northern organic orchards, Enytus eureka (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), is not common in southern orchards. Meteorus trachynotus Viereck, Microgaster epagoges Gahan and Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were also frequent parasitoids within the northern leafroller complex. Apanteles fumiferanae Viereck and Macrocentrus ancylivorus Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as well as Glypta erratica Cresson and two unidentified species of Temelucha Förster (Ichneumonidae) were reared for the first time as leafroller parasitoids within apple orchards in British Columbia. The presumed hyperparasitoid species, Mesochorus flaviceps Provancher (Ichneumonidae) and Perilampus fulvicornis Ashmead and Perilampus prothoracicus Smulyan (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), were also reared for the first time from this host complex. Differences in the north and south Okanagan leafroller communities and their parasitoids are discussed with respect to implications for future orchard biological control.