Histological analysis of TGFβ1 and VEGFR expression in cervical carcinoma treated with Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common malignant carcinomas around the world, including Indonesia. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an herbal medicine that is often used in Asia as a therapeutic agent to stop cancer metastases. The process of neoangiogenesis in cervical cancer depends on VEGFR activity. Increased TGFβ1 production is also linked to cervical cancer, suggesting that gene inactivation contributes to the emergence of cervical carcinoma. Group C- was the control group, Group C+ was the cancer model group, CER100 was the group of rats with cancer + 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of R. tomentosa , CER200 was the group of rats with cancer + 200 mg/kg BW of R. tomentosa , and CER400 was the group of rats with cancer + 400 mg/kg BW R. tomentosa . Rats were dissected after administration of R. tomentosa for 30 days. Immunohistochemical staining of the cervical tissue was performed with TGFβ1 and VEGFR antibodies. VEGFR expression was significantly different from TGFβ1 expression (p < 0.01). The highest expression was observed at the lowest dose of R. tomentosa (100 mg/kg BW), and the lowest expression was observed at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW. The administration of R. tomentosa can repair tissue damage and decrease the expression of TGFβ1 and VEGFR via histopathological parameters, indicating the importance of the activity of these proteins in the development of neoangiogenesis in cervical cancer.