Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 Expression in Cancer- Associated Fibroblasts of Urinary Bladder Cancer: Crucial Applications and Deep Insights

Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma (UBC) is one of the most common malignancies in Egypt and all over the world. TGFB levels in plasma and urine were proved to connote predictive and prognostic attributes in UBC patients. Furthermore, Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are now recognized as a key player in carcinogenesis. Yet, TGFΒ1 expression in CAFs of UBC had not been elucidated. Moreover, TGFB1 targeted therapy is now emerging with potential benefits for TGFB1 expressing cancers. Aim of the study: we dedicated this study to explore potential implications of TGFB1 immunohistochemical expression in CAFs of UBC by correlating it to relevant clinical and pathological data. Material and methods: This retrospective study included 48 UBC specimens. Different tumor grades were presented in balanced groups. TGFB1 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated, categorized as low or high and compared in CAFs among different UBC grades, statistical analysis of the results was then followed. Results: TGFB1 expression in CAFs was significantly different among tumor histologic types (P=0.01), high tumor grade (P=