A Review on Electrical Submersible Pump Head Losses and Methods to Analyze Two-Phase Performance Curve

Electrical submersible pumps (ESP) are referred to as a pump classification whose applications arebased upon transporting fluids from submersible elevations towards a fixed pipeline. Specific ESP pumps areutilized in offshore oil and gas facilities that are frequently employed in transport of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) terminals. Transport of LNG is a multiphase process that causes operational challenges for ESP due topresence of air pockets and air bubbles; presenting difficulties, such as cavitation and degradation to pumpcomponents. This performance degradation causes an economic risk to companies as well as a risk to pumpperformance capabilities, as it will not be able to pump with the same pressure again. Operational references formultiphase flow in ESP are limited; thus, this research paper reports multistage pumping, review offundamentals, previous experimental as well as modelling work benefitting future literature for a potentialsolution. Industries consume power to cope up with the losses associated with pumping two-phase fluidscausing company’s fortune. Preceding experimental work on single along with multiphase flow illustrate adistinct flow pattern surrounding the area around pump impeller while the pump is in operation. Throughexperimental observation, four flow patterns were observed and studied when gas was varied at different flowrates. Increasing the intake pressure proved to increase pump performance at two-phase flow. Experimentalstudy of multiphase flow with LNG fluid is expensive; thus, experimental validation is accomplished on asingle stage pump with external intervention of air bubbles to simulate LNG vaporization at fixed pressure andtemperature difference.