Recent seismic technologies for sub-basalt imaging

Although sub-basalt exploration has been achieved great attention, the progress is very limited due to the difficulty of imaging beneath the basalt. Most of seismic energy are usually scattered and attenuated by thick basalts. Also Basalts usually generate a lot of multiples. As a result, quality of seismic data are usually not enough for interpretation. But recently, seismic techniques are advanced rapidly and some of those new techniques are expected to be effective in sub-basalt imaging. In this article, we review issues relating to sub-basalt imaging and some of the new recently advanced techniques, especially de-ghosting techniques in data acquisition are reviewed because low-frequency is a key factor in sub-basalt imaging.