POSTOPERATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE INTERSPHINCTERIC FISTULATION TRACT LIFT TECHNIQUE COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL OPEN FISTULOTOMY FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIANAL FISTULA: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Perianal fistula is a common surgical condition characterized by an abnormal path between the anal canal and the perianal skin. Adequate treatment is challenging due to potential complications, such as fecal incontinence and fistula recurrence. Among the surgical techniques, conventional open fistulotomy and intersphincteric ligation of the fistulous tract (LIFT) stand out. The present study aims to compare the postoperative results between the LIFT technique and conventional open fistulotomy in the treatment of perianal fistulas, addressing aspects such as cure rates, complications, recovery time and quality of life. The comparative analysis showed that the LIFT technique had cure rates of 70% to 85%, while open fistulotomy ranged from 85% to 95% for low-path fistulas. LIFT stood out for preserving sphincter function, with lower rates of fecal incontinence, and presented a faster recovery time compared to fistulotomy. However, the recurrence rate was higher in LIFT compared to fistulotomy. In summary, both techniques are effective in the treatment of perianal fistulas, with the choice depending on the characteristics of the fistula and the inherent needs of each patient. Open fistulotomy is indicated for low-path fistulas, due to its higher success rate, while LIFT is preferred for high-path fistulas or when preservation of sphincter function is necessary. The decision should be individualized, taking into account the anatomy, functionality and preferences of the patient.