The effect of general anesthesia induction drugs on cardiac output of patients in Azadi Teaching Hospital / Duhok / Iraq

Background: Cardiac output can be decreased by many factors whose effects may be exaggerated during induction of anesthesia (which is already insulted to have negative effect on cardiac output) till the point of cardiac stand still. Aims: This study aims to answer the questions that “Is there any effect of general anesthesia induction agents on cardiac output? If there is any, which patient is affected more?”. The Study Design: It is a cross sectional study with convenient sampling procedure. According to the inclusion criteria, it includes patients planning to perform surgical procedure under general anesthesia while it excludes patients who refused to participate in the study or their surgical procedures had been canceled for certain reasons. Method and Patients: The study targeted a population from Duhok province and its territories; 207 patients, were admitted to Cardiac Center Operation theatres from 12/9/2021 to 30/10/2021 and Azadi Teaching Hospital operation theatres from 2/11/2021 to 15/1/2022. The data were collected pre operatively after taking a verbal consent as age, sex, weight, chronic diseases and duration of chronic diseases. Foreword by using echocardiography machine pre and post general anesthesia induction ejection fraction would be obtained. All this information would put in previously designed excel form. This data had been analyzed by Microsoft Excel Worksheet and transferred to SPSS V. 23(IBM). Descriptive statistics (central tendency) and proportions of uni-variant variables were calculated. Paired t test for sample mean difference and ANOVA test for more than two group means were applied to test the mean differences. A P value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: For the age of patients the mean was 40 years with range 77 years, minimum 1 year, maximum 78 year and standard deviation 15.731 years, for weight the mean was 71kg with range 130 kg, minimum 7kg, maximum 137kg, and standard deviation17.210 kg, for pre general anesthesia induction anesthesia the mean was 0.6055 %with range 0.45%, minimum 0.35%, maximum 0.80%, and standard deviation 0.06587%, for post general anesthesia induction the mean was 0.5531% with range 0.54%, minimum 0.24%, maximum 0.78% and standard deviation 0.087485, for duration of chronic diseases out of 41 patients the mean was 1.47 years with range 26 years, maximum 26 years, and standard deviation 3.802 years fortunately 166(80%) of patients were without any chronic diseases. The post i