Bilateral traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage, a rare entity: Experience at single institute with review of literature

Aims. Traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage is rare entity but post traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hematoma is even extremely rare and was earlier presented as case reports. Its incidence is about 3% after a closed head injury however, the incidence is higher in post mortem studies. Material & Methods. Out of 1485 head injury patients admitted to our institute from January 2012 to January 2019, there were 9 cases of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia haemorrhage. The incidence of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia Haemorrhage in our series is 0.61% which is very less compared to previous literature. Results. There were 6 males and 3 females; age ranging from 19 to 50 years (average 32 years). Patients with hypertension, history of drugs abuse, history of coagulopathy, with doubtful history of trauma or unknown mode of injury were excluded from the study. The mode of injury in all the patients was road traffic accidents. Average follow up was 9.54 months. Outcome was assessed by Glasgow outcome Score. In 8 out of 9 patients, outcome was good. One patient died. All the nine cases were managed conservatively. Conclusion. We report nine cases from a single institute which to the best of our knowledge is the largest series in world literature. Prognosis is variable and dependent on many factors. The prognosis of TBGH is favourable if not associated with other disorders like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coagulation disorders or diffuse axonal injury.