Yeokwisan: Standardised Herbal Formula Enhancing Gastric Mucosal Protection Against Gastric Ulcers in Mice, a Preclinical Study

Background: Yeokwisan (YWS) is a standardised herbal formula for relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms. Methods: We explored the therapeutic value of YWS and its potential effects on gastritis. Its inhibitory effect on gastric mucosal damage and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of alcohol- and restraint stress-induced gastritis were also examined. Gastric tissues of ICR mice treated with YWS (150 and 300 mg/kg) or famotidine (5 mg/kg) for 10 days were collected, and gastric lesions were quantified. The stomachs of C57BL/6 mice treated with YWS (150 and 300 mg/kg) or famotidine (5 mg/kg) for 23 days were collected, and gastric lesions were quantified. Blood samples were analysed for inflammation related factors and gastroprotective effects. Results: YWS (300 mg/kg) inhibited gastric damage by 42.33% in the EtOH-induced gastritis model and 75% in the restraint stress-induced gastritis model (compared to the control group). Pretreatment with YWS led to decreased levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2). YWS showed gastroprotective effects through histamine downregulation, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mucin were upregulated. The mRNA levels of H2R, M3R, CCK2R, and H+/K+ ATPase were significantly decreased following treatment with YWS. Conclusions: YWS provides gastric protection through its anti-inflammatory properties, reduced histamine secretion, and enhanced release of mucosal defensive factors.