Defining the Normal Growth Curve of Fetal Fractional Limb Volume in a Japanese Population

Fetal fractional limb volume is a useful measure for predicting birth weight and newborn adiposity; however, a normal growth curve has been reported solely in the United States. As the birth weight of neonates in Japan is significantly lower than that in the US, fetal fractional limb volume is likely to be smaller in the Japanese population. This study aimed to define the normal growth curve of fractional arm volume (AVol) and thigh volume (TVol) in the Japanese population. Ultrasound scans of 453 AVol and TVol pairs were obtained; each AVol and TVol percentile at each gestational age was calculated. The measured AVol and TVol at each gestational week were also converted to z-scores based on a previous report. The growth curves increased linearly until the second trimester and exponentially in the third trimester. Linear regression showed a significant negative correlation between gestational age and AVol and TVol z-scores. The growth pattern of fetal fractional limb volume in the Japanese population is consistent with, but smaller than, that reported in the US; this difference becomes greater as the gestational age progresses.