AGV Localization System Based on Ultra-Wideband and Vision Guidance

Aiming at the problems of low localization accuracy and complicated localization methods of the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) in the current automatic storage and transportation process, a combined localization method based on the ultra-wideband (UWB) and the visual guidance is proposed. Both the UWB localization method and the monocular vision localization method are applied to the indoor location of the AGV. According to the corner points of an ArUco code fixed on the AGV body, the monocular vision localization method can solve the pose information of the AGV by the PnP algorithm in real-time. As an auxiliary localization method, the UWB localization method is called to locate the AGV coordinates. The distance from the tag on the AGV body to the surrounding anchors is measured by the time of flight (TOF) ranging algorithm, and the actual coordinates of the AGV are calculated by the trilateral centroid localization algorithm. Then, the localization data of the UWB is corrected by the mean compensation method to obtain a consistent and accurate localization trajectory. The experiment result shows that this localization system has an error of 15mm, which meets the needs of AGV location in the process of automated storage and transportation.