A Scoping Review on Hazard Recognition and Prevention Using Augmented and Virtual Reality

Hazard recognition and prevention techniques utilize augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology for immersive training and identification of potential hazards. Currently, no scoping reviews exist specifically on hazard recognition and prevention using AR and VR, which is crucial for forming evidence-based guidelines. This scoping review aimed to identify the use of AR and VR in hazard recognition and prevention, identify research gaps, and provide future recommendations. This Joanna Brings Institute (JBI) approach was used to investigate hazard recognition and prevention with AR and VR interventions. A total of six reliable databases were included: Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, PubMed, Scopus, and APA PsycNet, focusing on records and publications from the last five years. The review identified 5438 publications, with 22 meeting final inclusion criteria. The major findings include the use of AR and VR for teaching new skills, ensuring health and safety, enhancing realism, developing cognitive skills, improving performance, increasing engagement, and stimulating a sense of presence. Limitations identified include limited or non-diverse sample size, absence of real-world scenarios or contextual learning, inadequate game mechanics, insufficient validation of test results, lack of dynamic game behaviour, insufficient expert inclusion, technology issues, long-term impact assessment, and cost comparisons with traditional approaches. Technological issues have emerged as an additional impediment, limiting the efficacy of AR/VR applications in hazard recognition and prevention. In light of these findings, future research should focus on integrating contextual learning, expert inclusion, sample recruitment, expert validation, long-term impact assessment, and resolving technological challenges to enhance AR/VR applications’ efficacy and real-world viability.