The FLOTAC basic technique as a new extraction method for root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from soil and roots

FLOTAC Techniques have been widely acknowledged as an effective method for the extraction of human and animal parasites. The present study is the first application of FLOTAC basic technique (FBT) for the extraction of phytoparasitic nematodes from soil and infested plant roots. Eggs and second stage juveniles (J 2 ) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita were extracted from infested soil and tomato roots either by FBT and conventional nematode extraction methods, such as centrifugal flotation and root maceration techniques, respectively. The number of M. incognita J 2 and eggs extracted from soil by FBT was always significantly higher compared to the extraction with the centrifugal flotation method, averaging 277 vs 35 eggs and J 2 mL -1 soil. Conversely, no significant differences were observed between FBT and the root maceration technique in the extraction of eggs and J 2 from tomato roots. Results demonstrated that FBT can be highly effective also for the extraction of phytoparasitic nematodes. Due to its accuracy and sensitivity, FBT seems particularly suitable for nematode surveys in wide geographical areas, where an accurate and rapid detection of present phytoparasitic nematofauna is required.