ANALISIS FAKTOR HEAD LOSSES PENSTOCK TERHADAP DAYA YANG DIHASILKAN DI PLTA SAGULING

ABSTRACTHydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) / Hydroelectric Plant is a plant that rely on the potential and kinetic energy of water to generate electricity, which is referred to as Hydroelektrik. The general form of this type of power plant is connected to a turbine generator that is driven by the kinetic energy of the water. One civilian buildings in hydropower is penstock. Rapid pipe (penstock) is a pipe that has a closed flow. Fluid flow in the pipeline is closed, both types of laminar or turbulent, definitely head losses (head losses) that will influence of the power generated at each plant unit.Water entering the penstock have a discharge 202 m3 / s (data source UP Saguling Month April 2016) with the first penstock length of 1868.189 m and the second penstock of 1768.429 m and a diameter varying of 4.3 m; 2.83 m; 2.25 m which would affect the value of the flow velocity, Reynolds number, as well as the value of the friction factor .From The penstock length of both artifacts losses (head losses) generated due to the friction of water on the surface of the penstock (major losses) and the result of fitting / valve that exist along the penstock (minor losses) that would have a relationship with the power generated at each unit in the plant.After going through the calculation of head losses in discharge 202 m3 / s, the obtained results, the value of head losses total at penstock 1 for Unit 3 and Unit 4 are 45.482 m and 45.179 m as well as on pesntock 2 for unit 1 and unit 2 are 43.644 m and 43.333 m , Factors head losses in each unit having an influence on power generated. The bigger the head losses generated value, the smaller the power generated. So that the relationship between the head losses penstock and the power generated by each unit inversely.Keywords: Penstock, Head Losses, Major Losses, Minor Losses, Power.ABSTRAKPembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) / Hydroelectric Plant adalah pembangkit yang mengandalkan energi potensial dan kinetik dari air untuk menghasilkan listrik, yang disebut sebagai Hydroelektrik. Bentuk umum dari pembangkit listrik jenis ini adalah generator yang dihubungkan ke turbin yang digerakan oleh tenaga kinetik dari air. Salah satu bangunan sipil yang ada di PLTA adalah penstock. Pipa pesat (penstock) merupakan sebuah pipa yang memiliki aliran tertutup. Aliran fluida yang ada di dalam saluran pipa tertutup, baik itu jenis laminer maupun turbulen, pasti mengalami kerugian head (head losses) yang akan mempengaruhi dari daya yang diha