The Association of Maternal Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy and Neonatal Anthropometric Measurements: A Longitudinal Study in Minangkabau Pregnant Women, Indonesia

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) appears to be increasing. VDD during pregnancy has been associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between VDD and fetal anthropometric measurement. This prospective cohort study consisted of 232 pregnant women in their first trimester who were recruited at the antenatal clinics and they maintained to be subjects of the study until their delivery time. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured at first and third trimester using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevalence of VDD in the first-trimester was 82.8%. Mean of 25(OH)D concentration in the third-trimester was significantly higher than in the first trimester (14.00 (6.98) vs. 21.22 (10.17) ng/mL). After adjusting age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational age at delivery, it was found that VDD during pregnancy was not significantly associated with neonatal anthropometry (p>0.05). It was concluded that VDD was common in a tropical country. Large, well designed, multicentre observational studies are required to determine whether VDD enhances the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.