Two cases who presented oligomeganephronia-like histology and chronic kidney disease due to neonatal circulatory failure

We report the cases of two patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal lesions similar to oligomeganephronia as a result of neonatal circulatory failure. A 12-year old boy who had experienced neonatal asphyxia and a 7-year-old girl who had experienced cardiogenic shock in the neonatal period had acute kidney injury (AKI). However, neither of them had undergone evaluation of renal function, urinary findings, or blood pressure. Histopathology revealed low nephron density and enlargement of the remaining glomeruli resulting in hyperfiltration, hypertension, and proteinuria, and ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis and CKD. Neonatal kidney tissue might be especially susceptible to nephron loss resulting from ischemia. Therefore, continuous follow-up of patients who have AKI in the neonatal period is necessary, and doctors who treat these patients need to be aware of this requirement.