Physical Mechanisms and Properties of Tornadoes

Many well-known types of tornado (e.g., atmospheric (air), electric, fire, dust, liquid (water), and snow) are classified according to their substrates and shapes. Known tornado theories are also given. In this work, a model of a tornado is proposed in which it is a structure that arises in the active medium of a thundercloud, where concave spiral autowaves that transfer energy excite vortices that travel into the environment. An exact analytical solution is given to the vortex regimes of the Navier—Stokes equation for a tornado model. The results from computer modeling of rotational concave spiral autowaves that excite a tornado vortex are given. The satisfactory nature of the proposed model with regard to the set of basic properties of a tornado and the variety of its characteristic properties is shown.