Involvement of plant cytoskeleton in cellular mechanisms of metal toxicity

Literature data and results of the studies carried out us concerning the involvement of plant cell cytoskeleton in cellular mechanisms of metal toxicity are summarized. Characteristics of cytotoxic effect of metals on plant cytoskeleton and, in particular, on microtubules and actin filaments are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to cellular and molecular mechanisms of metal impact on cytoskeleton. The most probable binding sites of heavy metals, as well as alternative mechanisms of their impact on cytoskeleton, are discussed.