Impact of climate on durum wheat yield (Triticum durum Desf.) under different cultivation and irrigation methods

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different cultivation and irrigation methods on wheat in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020. The experiment design was the split-plots in randomized blocks with 3 replications. The main plots were conventional flat cultivation (CFC) and raised-bed cultivation (RBC), and sub-plots were rain-fed conditions, surface irrigation and drip irrigation. The CFC and RBC resulted in the grain yield of 5.13 and 4.33 t ha-1, respectively. The grain yield of 5.21 and 5.55 t ha-1 were obtained by surface irrigation and drip irrigation, respectively. The yield in CFC (16%) and drip irrigation (6%) were relatively higher than RBC and surface irrigation. Irrigation water productivity (1.72 kg m-3) in RBC was higher compared to 1.23 kg m-3 in CFC. The irrigation water applied was 468 and 258 mm in CFC and basin irrigation and in RBC and drip irrigation, respectively. Crop evapotranspiration was 813 and 725 mm in CFC and the basin irrigation, and in RBC under the drip irrigation, respectively. The CFC under basin irrigation was more appropriate compared to RBC and drip irrigation. Insufficient and improper distribution of rainfall and temperatures more than 30 oC caused lower yield.