Divine Violence Suffered: Another Reading of Walter Benjamin's Toward the Critique of Violence

Abstract Benjamin's essay Toward the Critique of Violence has often irritated readers. This is even more true of his concept of divine violence, which is defined as "law-annihilating" and goes against legally sanctioned state sovereignty. In this paper, I present a new reading of both Benjamin's essay and divine violence. Against an apocalyptic tendency of Benjamin, I argue that divine violence can only be an instrument of justice if it is understood as violence suffered rather than perpetrated. This is especially the case where people suffer persecution - imprisonment, torture, death - as a result of nonviolent resistance to an oppressive political regime. Only where such resistant suffering occurs, can violence properly be called divine. Only then does it offer a perspective beyond the never-ending atrocities of human history.