Искусственный интеллект: развитие и тревоги. Взгляд в будущее. Статья вторая. Искусственный интеллект: терра инкогнита или управляемая сила?

The article is devoted to the history of the development of ICT and AI, their current and expected future achievements, and the problems (which have already arisen but will become even more acute in the future) assiciated with the development of these technologies and their widespread application in society. It shows the close connection between the development of AI and cognitive science, the penetration of ICT and AI into various spheres, particularly health care, and the very intimate areas related to the creation of digital copies of the deceased and posthumous contact with them. A significant part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “artificial intelligence”, including the definition of generative AI. The authors analyse recent achievements in the field of Artificial Intelligence. There are given descriptions of the basic models, in particular the Large Linguistic Models (LLM), and forecasts of the development of AI and the dangers that await us in the coming decades. The authors identify the forces behind the aspiration to create AI, which is increasingly approaching the capabilities of the so-called general/universal AI, and also suggest desirable measures to limit and channel the development of artificial intelligence. It is emphasized that the threats and dangers of the development of ICT and AI are particularly aggravated by the monopolization of their development by the state, intelligence services, major corporations and those often referred to as globalists. The article provides forecasts of the development of computers, ICT and AI in the coming decades, and also shows the changes in society that will be associated with them. The study consists of two articles. The first, published in the previous issue of the journal, provided a brief historical overview and characterized the current situation in the field of ICT and AI. It also analyzed the concepts of artificial intelligence, including generative AI, changes in the understanding of AI in connection with the emergence of the so-called large language models and related new types of AI programs (ChatGPT and similar models). The article discussed the serious problems and dangers associated with the rapid and uncontrolled development of artificial intelligence. This second article describes and comments on current assessments of breakthroughs in the field of AI, analyzes various predictions, and provides the authors’ own assessments and predictions of future developments.