Antioxidant Enzymes Level Detection in Cisplatin Treated Iraqi Lung Cancer Patients and In vitro Estimating the Cytotoxic and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in A549 Cell Line

Cisplatin is one of the most important and effective antitumor drug used as treatment against different types of tumors. Cisplatin directly affects DNA integrity as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death induction. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in healthy controls and lung tumor patients before and after cisplatin treatment. Untreated patients showed a significant reduction in CAT, GPx, and SOD levels, while cisplatin-treated patients retained the normal levels of antioxidant enzymes compared with healthy controls. Cisplatin exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 lung tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10.33 μg mL-1. Cisplatin was found to induce the generation of ROS in cisplatin-treated A549 cells compared with a negative control. Such an increase in ROS production was significantly correlated with increasing cisplatin concentration.