Analysis of Climate Indicators For Wine Production in the Brazilian Semi-Arid

Objective: The study aims to analyze the influence of climatology (abiotic indicators) on the fermentation process of grape must (Vitis vinifera L.) for wine production in Nossa Senhora da Glória (SE), Piranhas (AL) and Jeremoabo (BA). Theoretical Framework: The study was based on data from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Method: The documentary analysis method is used, having a mixed characteristic, in terms of qualitative and quantitative nature, making comparisons in the Caatinga Biome, in different municipalities in the Brazilian semi-arid region (municipalities of Nossa Senhora da Glória in the state of Sergipe, Piranhas in the state of Alagoas and Jeremoabo in the state of Bahia) with bibliographical analyses. Results and Discussion: The proximity to the Equator is a factor that determines a high number of hours of sunshine per year and, consequently, high rates of evapotranspiration. The rainfall regime in the study areas is directly related to the configurations of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation over the tropics, among which the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) stands out; the Frontal Systems (SF), fed by moisture from the South Atlantic, which define the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (ZCAS); the easterly waves, which are groups of clouds that move in the Atlantic, from east to west; and the Northeast and Southeast Trade Winds. Research Implications: Data collection in some periods of time by the INMET meteorological station shows that the three cities analyzed have very similar profiles in all indicators evaluated, since these locations are located in the same climatic area, and are also relatively close, and can carry out a triangulation of data and areas, favoring a wider region, and showing that the area has great potential for agricultural production, especially grapes for subsequent fermentation and wine making. Originality/Value: The study seeks to present characteristics of these semi-arid regions in general, due to the aridity of the climate, availability of solar radiation, water deficiency with unpredictability of rainfall and the presence of soils poor in organic matter.