DISTORSI SEJARAH ISLAM PADA MASA AL-KHULAFĀ AR-RĀSYIDŪN DAN DAULAH UMAYYAH (Tinjauan Kritis Buku Ajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Madrasah Aliyah)

Distortion in the history of Islam has been occured since the first codification of the history of Islam which supported by Shi’ites historian such as Abu Miḥnaf Luṭ bin Yahya and others. Distortion in modern era refers to hegemony of orientalism which has big influence and power in this field. Distortion was caused by religion, sect, money motive etc. This distortion spread from society to school. The distortion happened at Rashidun Caliphate’s time, which was started by rebellion toward Uṡmān. The rebelllion cause Uṡmān death. That killing has great implications; Jamal and Siffīn wars, Kharijites revolts, hatred from some groups toward Umayyad Caliphate and in other effects at ummah. This writing aims to find out a method in studying the history of Islam, distortion and its implications, different opinions between ṣaḥābat and Islamic view toward it. Author applied in writing this thesis bibliography method with historic-philoshopic approach from datas and evidences. Based on datas and evidences, the author can conclude that methods at researching, writing and teaching history of Islam is very important to purify the history of Islam from distortion. Distortion means attempt to mislead datas or misinterpert intentionally or unintentionally. Distorsions have bad effects at Islam and ummah. If datas and histories are distorted, it will estrange people from Islam slowly which found out at some people and groups. Teaching history of Islam at schools which also distorted need to be totally reformed started from researching, writing and teaching method. The different opinions between ṣaḥābat because of the death of Uṡmān. Ṣaḥābat had different opinions about hastening or postponing qiṡās to Uṡmān murderers which cause Jamal and Siffīn wars. The implications of different opinions between ṣaḥābat have big influence in people creed toward ṣaḥābat from that day until now. It also causes hatred from some people and sects toward Umayyad Caliphate because Mu’āwiyah; founder Umayyad Caliphate has some different opinions with Ali-raḍiyallahu’anhuma- besides other hatred factors. Distorsi sejarah Islam terjadi sejak masa awal penulisan sejarah Islam yang terutama dimotori oleh Syiah melalui periwayatan sejarawan seperti Abu Miḥnaf Luṭ bin Yahya dan lainnya. Pada masa sekarang terutama karena hegemoni orientalisme yang begitu kuat. Distorsi tersebut terjadi karena motif agama, sekte, materi dan lainnya. Hal tersebut menyebar di masyarakat hingga level sekolah. Distorsi