Linkages between Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

The gravitational movement of materials in drainage waters from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems is the major land-water linkage in the biosphere. Undisturbed humid terrestrial ecosystems develop tight cycles and tend not to be leaky, but with disturbance losses of water, nutrients, and particulate matter are increased. Eutrophication in downstream aquatic ecosystems may be accelerated by these inputs in addition to the well-known eutrophication effects of urban-industrial wastes. Movement of some air-borne pollutants from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems is increasing and must be considered as a factor influencing aquatic ecosystems. A holistic view of these land-air-water interactions is required for intelligent management of landscapes.