Neurocognitive changes in cancer patients as a current challenge in psycho-oncology

Introduction. Along with a high intensity emotional distress, cancer patients often face neurocognitive changes that are particularly pronounced after chemotherapy. Clinical features of neurocognitive deficits in non-central nervous system cancer patients. So far, studies have demonstrated that neurocognitive changes most often occur in domains of executive functions, attention and concentration, working memory, information processing speed and visuospatial abilities, but there is still no definite protocol for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Potential causal mechanisms and risk factors. Apart from chemotherapy, there are other factors associated with the development and manifestation of neurocognitive deficits in cancer patients: genetic, biological, psychological and socio-demographic. Assessment of cancer-related cognitive impairments. When assessing potential cognitive impairments, it is beneficial to combine neuropsychological test battery and self-report questionnaires for the assessment of cognitive and affective status, as well as modern neuroimaging methods that will indicate neural (structural and functional) changes underlying neurocognitive deficit. The role of psychosocial factors: implications for future research. In addition to cognitive reserve and emotional status, the patient?s personal characteristics may very likely play an important role in explaining neurocognitive functioning and neurocognitive adaptation of cancer patients upon completion of treatment. Conclusion. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurocognitive changes in cancer patients, with special emphasis on the contribution of psychosocial factors. Based on the novel findings, adequate and timely cognitive rehabilitation treatment will be provided for patients suffering from malignant diseases.