Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Traumatic Subdural Hematoma in the Subacute Stage: Five Case Reports

Five cases of traumatic subdural hematomas in the subacute stage (from 7 to 20 days after head injury) were treated in one male and four females, aged from 63 to 82 years, with evacuation via craniotomy in three and aspiration via burr hole surgery in two. All hematomas were evaluated by T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Diffusion-weighted imaging showed the hematoma as a crescent high intensity area with a low intensity rim close to the brain surface (two-layered structure) in four cases and as high intensity with low intensity components in one case. The high intensity areas under the dura mater on diffusion-weighted imaging appeared as homogeneous high intensity on T1- and T2-weighted imaging in four cases, and inhomogeneous high intensity on T1- and isointensity on T2-weighted imaging in one case. The mean ADC value of the high intensity areas was 0.58 ± 0.23 (mean ± standard deviation) × 10-3 mm2/sec. The operative findings revealed the high intensity areas as solid clots. The low intensity areas on diffusion-weighted imaging appeared as homogeneous high intensity in four cases and inhomogeneous isointensity with high intensity components in one case on T1- and T2-weighted imaging. The mean ADC value of the low intensity areas was 2.03 ± 0.27 × 10-3 mm2/sec. The operative findings revealed the low intensity areas as mixtures of resolved clot and cerebrospinal fluid. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed the characteristic two-layered structure in traumatic subdural hematomas in the subacute stage, and analysis of the ADC values was useful for differentiating solid from liquid hematoma and for selection of the surgical procedure.