Conversion of Wastes to Bioelectricity, Bioethanol, and Fertilizer: Khan and Hussain

This research article presents production of bioelectricity, bioethanol, and fertilizer from different industrial wastewaters supplemented with waste fruit and vegetables. Bioelectricity was generated from wastewater through the development of different microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It was observed that the voltage was increased in series combination, whereas current was increased in parallel combinations. The series combination of four units of single‐chamber and eight units of double‐chamber MFCs produced the power output of 5.43 mW and 4.08 mW, respectively, which is sufficient to light up the light emitting diode (LED). Power output was increased by the addition of waste fruit and vegetables. The leftover filtrates of MFCs were used for the production of bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae , while residues were used as fertilizer to check the growth of okra plant. The result showed that minor amount of bioethanol is produced from different samples, which was confirmed by the preparation of ethylbenzoate derivative.